Double-acting internal-combustion engine



Sept. 30, 1930. G, g guso 1,776,895

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Filed July 20; 1928 MIR P BY F1544. 0M4. MM a.

Patented Sept. 30, 1930 i GEORGE rnaeuson, F

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Y FREBES socmrea omm, .oriwinrnnrrrun, SWITZERLAND DOUBLE-AC INGmeemaeomtsme ENGINE This invention relates to double-acting in-.

ternal combustion engines of the kind in which the cylinder isprovidedwith a a'cket i acket is p-rovlded with a removable lnner.

containing a 'removable inner cylindrical member or barrel tormmgorcarrying-a provide a cylinder of relatively lightlconstruction whilecap-ableof'withstanding considerable internal pressures.

According to this invention thejcylinder cylindrical member or barreltheend of which nearest the crankshaft isofreduced diameter or partiallyclosed so asto form a neck; and a detachable annular member or plugis'pro5 vide'd. adapted to cooperate with'or engage the neck; in suchamanner thatt-heba'rrel and the plug together form a complete unit toaccommodate the piston and, piston rod. Either the barrel} or the plugor both these parts are supported by or connected to the jacket, thearrangement-being sucli'th'atlrelatively light bolts or studs'can beemployed since some of the pressures which are developed within thecylinder are transmitted to the jacket through the shoulders orpartially closed end of the barrel leaving only the remaining pressuresto be dealt with the removable annular plug. Th'eplug is turnished witha stuffing box or otherpacking means for the piston rod and in oneconstruction the plug tormsthemeans of connection betweenthebarrelandthe ticket. 1 1,

Preferably the shoulders of the. barrel, ile.

the partially closed end surrounding the neck,

' are formed rounded and are provided "with one or more openings toreceive the valves or parts of the valves controlling the workingchamber ada-jacent to the'crank, Theplug may be connected in thecylinder jacket by means of a bayonet joint so thatit readily withdrawnor any otherkn-own meansmay be employed.

Three constructions according tot this in vention are illustratedsomewhat diagram matically by way of example in the accom panyingdrawings, in which v Figure 1' is a vertical cross-section sh0w=- ingthe lower portion ofthecylinder of a" -Figures 2 and 3 aresimilarviewsof modified constructions;

:1. Figure 4 is a vertical cross-section dia liner for the piston, andhas fOI1tSOb]C-t togrammatically illustrating a complete double actingengine in accordance with the invention. Fig. 5 is a detailed section online 55 of In the construction illustrated in Figure double-actinginternalcombustion engine, and

1, the piston rod l-carriesa piston 2 adapted the barrel"b eingfurnished with a flange adapted to engage an internal shoulder 41 on thecylinder'jacket. The lower end of the barrel is partially closed or ofreduced diameter so as to form a neck 10 adapted to-receive a-removableannular plug 5 furnished withfa central'aperture 6 toreceive a stufiingbox having agland 7 to reciprocate in aremovable barrel 3 which j mayalso constitute a l ner,'thelower end of The plug 5' containsafhollowchamberS to contain a' cooling medium and issecured to the barrel bybolts 15, the diameter of the plug being so small that it has only towithstand a relatively small part of the working pressures so that thebolts 15 may be of light construction. wallof the barrel 3 andthe innerwall of the jacket constitutes a cooling chamber 9. It

The space between the outerj will be seen thatthe removable barrel and lthe plug 5 together form a complete unit to accommodate the piston-andits rod.

The shoulder of the. barrel, i. e. partially closed end surrounding theneck is preferably rounded as showngiving a cup-like shapeto the lowercombustion chamber and thus avoiding'projecting corners which re- 1duces heat losses. A portion of the pressure of the Workingfiuid istransmitted to the cylinder jacket through the shoulderof'the Y barrelWithout'necessitating the use of bolts for dealing with this portion ofthe pressure.

- In the construction"illustrated in Figure 1, afterthepiston hasbeenremoved through I the'cylinder, the lowerhalf ofthe cylinder 7 may bedetached and withdrawn upwards as a single unit or tliebarrel, thejacket and theplugmay be individually withdrawn.

If the acket and. the plug are of the relative dimensions shown by thedotted lines 13 and 14 in Figure 1, the plug and barrel can be withdrawnas a unit without disturbing the jacket.

In the modified construction shown in Figure 2, the plug 5 directlybears against a shoulder on the jacket 4 'whilst'the barrel bearsagainst a. shoulder on'the plug. Thus the plug serves to connect thejacket to the barrel.

In Figure 3 a further modification is illustrated in which there is abayonet joint between the removable plug and the cylinder jacket, anannular plate 16 furnished with the necessary slots being connected tothe cylinder jacket by scrcwthrczujled members 17; At its upper end theplug is provided with a flange or shoulder to engage a correspondingshoulder in tl e neck portion oi the barrel so that the bayonet jointserves to retain in position not only the plug but also the barrel.lVhen the plug is to be removed the screws 17 are slackencd oil and theannular plate turned and allowed to fall whereupon the plug alone ortogether with the barrel may be withdrawn upwards through the cylinder.The View of the bayonet plug shown in Fig. 5 is that as it appears whentightened or released. The checks 21 are associated with thecylindercover plug 5, but the cheeks 20 Contact with the bayonet plug plate 16.It the cylinder cover is to be tightened, the bayonet plug plate 16' ispushed from the'bottom to the top axially in the position shown in Fig.5 until it has reached the level represented in Fig. 3, whereafter thebayonet plug plate rotated by 60 in a manner such that the axis A. (Fig.5) moves into the position B. As a result, the check 20 of the bayonetplug 16 is pushed over the check 21 oi? the cylinder covers. In thisposition, the screws 17 are tightened so that the whole system is unitedrigidly. In releasing the bayonet plug 16. the revs o process isemployed. First, the screws 17 are released, then the axis A of thebayonet plug, which is in the position B, is rotated back again by 60 sothat the bayonet plug will occupy the position represented in Fig.

5, after which movement the bayonet plug directly drops out toward thebottom..

It becomes evident ironi Fig. 4 that on general principles the subjectmatter of the invention. can be used just as well for the upper as forthe lower half of the cylinder. If as according to Fig. 3,.thc cylinderhead is also used for the upper half'of the cylinder, the place of thepiston rozl 1 and the associated stufiing box 6, 7 will be occupied by afiller'which contains the fuel valves and the remaining members requiredfor running the engine.

It will be appreciated that the invention is equally applicable toengines having horizontal or inclined cylinders and that the particularconstruction of the barrel and liner will Vary in accordance with thenature and dimensions of the internal combustion engine.

I claim:

1; In a double-acting internal combustion engine, the combination with acylinder jacket of a. removable cylinder liner having its end nearestthe crank-shaft reduced to form a neck, and a detachable plug extendinginto said neck and forming with said liner a com plete unit supported bysaid acket.

2. In a double-acting internal combustion engine, the combination with acylinder j acket of a removable cylinder liner having its end nearestthe crank-shaft reduced to form a neck, and a detachable plug shoulderedon said jacket and telescoping into said neck, said plug forming withsaid liner a complete unit supported by said jacket.

3. In a double-acting internal combustion engine, the combination with acylinder jacket of a removable cylinder liner having its end nearest thecrankshaft rounded and reduced to form a neck, and a detachable plugextending into said neck and closing the rounded end of said liner, saidplug formin g withsaid liner a complete unit supported by said jacket.

4. In a double-acting internal combustion engine, the combination with acylinder jacket of a removable cylinder liner, having itscnd nearest thecrank shaft reduced to "form a neck, a detachable plug extending intosaid neck, said plug having a rounded end closing said neck, and meansfor supporting said plug and liner on said acket.

5. In a double-acting internal combustion engine, the combination with acylinder jacket of a removable cylinder liner having its end nearest thecrank shaft reduced to form a neck, a detachable plug extending intosaid neck and forming a complete unit with said liner, and a detachablelocking plate engaging said plug and said jacket and locking said plugand liner to said jacket.

6. In a double-acting internal combustion engine, the combination with acylinder jacket of a removable cylinder liner having its end nearest thecrank reduced to form a neck, a detachable plugadapted-to engagesaidneck and form a complete unit with said liner, said plug havingbayonet joint lugs thereon; and an annular plate adapted to cooperatewith said lugs and releasably lock said plug to said jacket.

In testimony whereof I have atllxed my signature. 7

- GEORGE FERGUSON.

